The growing relationship between Daniel Massey's Duke and Juliet Stevenson's Isabella was at the heart of Adrian Noble's lavish production.

Woman in dark dress kneels beside a monastic figure, in a supplicant manner, her hand on his sleeve
Juliet Stevenson as Isabella and Daniel Massey as the Duke, 1983, Royal Shakespeare Theatre
Photo by Joe Cocks Studio Collection © Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Browse and license our images

OUT OF THE SHADOWS

In Adrian Noble's well-received production, the often shadowy character of Duke Vincentio was the central character. Daniel Massey played him as a thoughful man on a spiritual journey who was motivated by public good. As the show started, he was seen in tableau signing the papers resigning his authority to Angelo, after which he walked to a full-length mirror and removed his red ceremonial robe. Massey succeeded in revealing the Duke's mix of social conscience and crafty manipulation.

A CREDIBLE ISABELLA

The production focused on the emerging relationship between Daniel Massey's serious Duke and Juliet Stevenson's strong-minded Isabella, descibed by critic Michael Billington as "one of the most credible Isabellas" he had ever seen. Stevenson's Isabella was full of passion, intelligence and courage as well as principle and her believable performance earned her an Olivier Award nomination in 1984.

CAST CHANGES

After opening at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in October 1983, Adrian Noble's production toured to Newcastle upon Tyne in March 1984 before transferring to the Barbican Theatre, London, where Trevor Peacock replaced Roger Hume as Elbow and Tilda Swinton replaced Sarah Berger as Juliet.

Close-up of earnest looking young woman with long hair

JULIET STEVENSON ON PLAYING ISABELLA AT THE RSC

I think Measure for Measure has become my favourite Shakespeare play, with King Lear perhaps. It’s such an amazing piece for our time about power and the abuse of power and the lack of morality in those who govern and how being in a position of authority of government seems to licence people to abandon their morality. They think there’s one rule for them and one rule for everybody else and quite honestly in the world we’re living in now that seems patently true. There’s never been a more appropriate time for the play. And it was true then and this was 1984.

I had been in my ‘play as cast’, you know, years. I’d done ‘a nun’ and ‘a whore’ with Ruby Wax in Barry Kyle’s production of Measure for Measure with Paolo Dionisotti and Jonathan Pryce and Michael Pennington playing the Duke, in which we had stood as, you know, ‘whore number 1 and 2’ and ‘nun numbers 1 and 2’, night after night, month in month out, watching the play so I had got to know the play almost word for word. That was back in 1978 and ‘9, when I started. So I knew the role of Isabella well so when I was offered it by Adrian Noble I was over the moon because I longed to play it. I think I was ... I felt I really could get inside that woman.

I was very ... quite hot-headed, quite politicised. I think I would have, you know, liked to think I would die for a cause and there were many causes I felt strongly about, you know. And that’s what Isabella’s like. She’s very... you know, for somebody who’s gone into a nunnery, she’s extremely ardent, hot-headed. Quite hot-blooded. That’s presumably why she’s chosen the most severe form of nunnery available ... Saint Clare’s, which is very sort of hairshirt order to join, because she knows how much there is to suppress ... that needs to be suppressed in her, I think. So when, just at the point of joining, she’s pulled out by Lucia and says, “You’ve got to go and argue for your brother’s life.” She’s put in, immediately, to a very compromised position and then, of course, this extraordinary story unfolds ... of discovering that the very man who can free her brother is the man who’s trying to seduce her and use his power to exploit the situation.

So I just fell into that play and it was a wonderful production. I felt very strongly I did not want to play Isabella as a sort of frigid hysteric. Women heroines in Shakespeare... and this is something I feel very strongly about and have written a lot about ... are judged very, very severely by literary and theatrical tradition and they’re much more labelled and contained in these, sort of, stereotypical places than the male heroes are. You can do anything you like with Macbeth. You can make him very unsympathetic, very sympathetic. Women, as in life, are much more constrained by preconception and gender stereotyping and Isabella, who refuses to sleep with Angelo to save her brother’s life, has been judged by that decision as a sort of sexual hysteric, frigid, you know ... and when I read the play I thought ‘Well, this is crazy. Of course not.’ She is being asked to collude in an amoral, corrupt system, which if she colluded with, would be tainted for the rest of her life.

Now, she’s a Christian. I’m not but it doesn’t matter. I could imagine, you know, being asked to sacrifice my most profound ethical, moral principles. I would be in a desperate state about whether I could do that to save somebody’s life. So, rather than judge her for her sexual refusal in the play, let’s look at why she’s choosing to do that and when you see her arguments there’s nothing frigid about them. I mean, they’re very compassionate, full-blooded and I was so lucky to have Adrian Noble, who agreed with me and he didn’t want me to play her that way as well. So, it was just so liberating to sort of release this character from her traditional place.

And then I got obsessed with doing that. I really loved doing that. Lots of those heroines, you know, who needed to be sort of ... I don’t know. Revisited and reassessed in a light of ... also growing and thinking ... the Women’s Movement and feminism and all sorts of things were happening in the late-seventies and the eighties, which were also influencing me. One of them was to try and free women from this hideous stereotyping. So Isabella was a gift and one of this ... you know, to this day, one of the great sort of performance experiences of my life really.

[Extract from Oral History Interview, RSC, 16 March 2016]

BOB CROWLEY'S DESIGNS

The production was full of visual contrasts thanks largely to Bob Crowley's striking set: "a cavernous state room bisected by a strip of carpet leading to an upstage mirror" Irving Wardle, The Times, 5 October 1983. The carpeted strip was used for key moments such as Angelo's acknowledgement of desire and Isabella's reaction to being propositioned. The adaptable set was also transformed into a grim grey-walled prison where brutal guards tormented the inmates.

CASANOVA COSTUMES

Bob Crowley's costume designs suggested an 18th century setting with foppish men dressed in highly-decorated knee-length coats, frill-edged shirts, tricorne hats and stacked heels. They evoked "the poxy elegancy of Casanova's world"  Anthony Masters, The Times, 18 April 1984, where glamour and corruption went hand in hand. Richard O'Callaghan's Lucio was a typical dandy with his exuberant costume and beauty spots.

Young woman in black sits on the ground next to friar under two enormous gold-tinted parasols
Isabella (Juliet Stevenson) with the disguised Duke (Daniel Massey), 1983, Royal Shakespeare Theatre
Photo by Joe Cocks Studio Collection © Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Browse and license our images
Cartoon of monk with two pairs of hands holding the scales of justice

CAST AND CREATIVES

COMPANY

Royal Shakespeare Theatre

Sarah Berger - Juliet

Frankie Cosgrave - Whore, Street Girl

Stanley Dawson - Friar Thomas, Varrius, Guard

Alphonsia Emmanuel - Whore, Street Woman

Oliver Ford Davies - Provost

Richard Garnett - Guard, Servant to Angelo

Caroline Harris - Francisca

Roger Hume - Elbow

James Hunt - Boy (alt)

Griffith Jones - Abhorson

Lewis Jones - Friar Peter

David Killick - Justice, Guard, Prisoner

Peter Lennon - Guard

Daniel Massey - Duke Vincentio

Martin Milman - Gentleman, Prisoner

Paul Mooney - Claudio

Campbell Morrison - Barnadine, Street Person

Peggy Mount - Mistress Overdone

John Nolan - Gentleman

Richard O'Callaghan - Lucio

Joseph O'Conor -Escalus

Anthony O'Donnell - Pompey

Eileen Page - Whore

Raymond Platt - Froth

Doyle Richmond - Guard

David Schofield - Angelo

Juliet Stevenson - Isabella

Simon Treves - Guard

Jason Ward - Boy (alt)

Emma Watson - Mariana

Victoria Wicks - Whore

Daniel Wilson - Boy (alt)

 

CREATIVES

 

Director – Adrian Noble

Designer – Bob Crowley

Lighting Designer – Robert Bryan

Music – Ilona Sekacz

 

The RSC's archive is held at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. You can visit the Library and Archives there to look at production related information, including photos, videos of shows and stage management documents:

Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive homepage

You can search the RSC catalogue here: 

RSC performance database

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