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Themes
what is in the staging? what is in the staging?

themes in King Lear

In this section you will find useful and illuminating quotations from the play illustrating a range of themes: Kingship; Crown; Inheritance; Division; Justice; Parents and Children; Love: self-love and false love; Legitimacy; Ingratitude of children; Loyalty; Hospitality; Eyes and Sight; Madness and Insanity; Britain; Politics; Civil Disorder; Religion; Nothing; The poor/poverty; The Elements; Nature and Nurture; Truth; Guilt; Christ Figures; Identity; Cruelty and Violence; Fortune; Warmth and Cold; Worst.

kingship
KENT

LEAR
KENT
[I.iv.27-30]
you have that in your countenance
which I would fain call master.
What’s that?
Authority.
LEAR
[III.iv.33-36]
Take physic, pomp;
Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel,
That thou mayst shake the superflux to them
And show the heavens more just.
LEAR
[IV.vi.107-109]
Ay, every inch a king.
When I do stare see how the subject quakes.
I pardon that man’s life.
LEAR
GENTLEMAN
[IV.vi.200-201]
Come, come, I am a king; masters, know you that?
You are a royal one, and we obey you.
ALBANY
[V.iii.296-298]
For us, we will resign
During the life of this old majesty
To him our absolute power.


Crown
FOOL
When thou clovest thy crown i’the middle, and gavest away both
parts, thou borest thine ass on thy back o’er the dirt.
Thou hadst little wit in thy bald crown when thou
gavest thy golden one away.
CORDELIA
[IV.iv.1-4]
Alack, ’tis he! Why, he was met even now
As mad as the vex’d sea, singing aloud,
Crowned with rank fumiter and furrow-weeds,
With hardokes, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers,


Inheritance
LEAR
[I.i.79-80]
To thee and thine hereditary ever
Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom,
EDMUND
[I.ii.16]
Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.
LEAR
REGAN
[II.iv.245]
I gave you all -
And in good time you gave it.
LEAR
[III.iv.47-48]
Didst thou give all to thy daughters? And art thou
come to this?


Division
GLOUCESTER
[I.i.3-5]
But now in the division of the kingdom it appears not which
of the Dukes he values most
LEAR
[I.i.36-38]
Meantime we shall express our darker purpose.
Give me the map there. Know that we have divided
In three our kingdom;
CURAN
[II.i.10-11]
Have you heard of no likely wars toward ’twixt
the Dukes of Cornwall and Albany?
GONERILL
[V.ii.18-19]
I had rather lose the battle than that sister
Should loosen him and me.


Justice
LEAR
[III.vi.46-48]
Arraign her first. ’Tis Gonerill! I here take my oath
before this honourable assembly, she kicked the poor
King her father.
ALBANY
[IV.ii.78-80]
This shows you are above,
You justicers, that these our nether crimes
So speedily can venge!
EDGAR
[V.iii.124-126]
Draw thy sword,
That if my speech offend a noble heart
Thy arm may do thee justice.


Parents and children
FOOL
[I.iv.168-170]
I have used it, nuncle, ever since thou madest thy
daughters thy mothers; for when thou gavest them the
rod and puttest down thine own breeches,
EDMUND
[II.i.46-47]
Spoke with how manifold and strong a bond
The child was bound to the father -
ALBANY
[IV.ii.39-40]
What have you done,
Tigers, not daughters, what have you performed?
LEAR
[IV.vi.114-116]
Let copulation thrive; for Gloucester’s bastard son
Was kinder to his father than my daughters
Got ’tween the lawful sheets.


Love: self-love and false love
LEAR
[I.i.51]
Which of you shall we say doth love us most,
CORDELIA
[I.i.62]
What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent.
CORDELIA
[I.i.95-100]
Good my lord,
You have begot me, bred me, loved me.
I return those duties back as are right fit,
Obey you, love you, and most honour you.
Why have my sisters husbands, if they say
They love you all?
FRANCE
[I.i.238-240]
Love's not love
When it is mingled with regards that stands
Aloof from th'entire point.
CORDELIA
[IV.iv.27-28]
No blown ambition doth our arms incite
But love, dear love, and our aged father’s right.
LEAR


CORDELIA
[IV.vii.74-76]
I know you do not love me, for your sisters
Have, as I do remember, done me wrong.
You have some cause; they have not.
No cause, no cause.
REGAN

EDMUND
REGAN

[V.i.8-11]
Tell me but truly - but then speak the truth -
Do you not love my sister?
In honoured love.
But have you never found my brother’s way
To the forefended place?
EDMUND
[V.i.55]
To both these sisters have I sworn my love;


Legitimacy
EDMUND
[I.ii.5-6]
For that I am some twelve or fourteen moonshines
Lag of a brother? Why bastard? Wherefore base?
EDMUND
[I.ii.18-22]
Fine word, ‘legitimate’!
Well, my 'legitimate', if this letter speed
And my invention thrive, Edmund the base
Shall top the legitimate. I grow. I prosper.
Now gods stand up for bastards!
EDGAR
[V.iii.165-167]
I am no less in blood than thou art, Edmund;
If more, the more th'hast wronged me.
My name is Edgar, and thy father’s son.


Ingratitude of children
LEAR
[I.i.233-234]
Better thou
Hadst not been born than not t'have pleased me better.
LEAR
[I.iv.285-286]
How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is
To have a thankless child!
GLOUCESTER
[III.iv.155-156]
Canst thou blame him? -
His daughters seek his death.


Loyalty
CORNWALL
FIRST SERVANT
[III.vii.71-74]
If you see Vengeance -
Hold your hand, my lord! I have served you ever since I was a child; But better service have I never done you Than now to bid you hold.
CORDELIA
[V.iii.5]
For thee, oppressed King, I am cast down;
EDGAR
[V.iii.217-219]
Kent, sir, the banished Kent, who, in disguise,
Followed his enemy king and did him service
Improper for a slave.
KENT
[V.iii.319-320]
I have a journey, sir, shortly to go.
My master calls me, I must not say no.


Hospitality
LEAR
[I.iv.67]
I have perceived a most faint neglect of late,
GLOUCESTER
[III.vii.30-31]
What mean your graces? Good my friends, consider
You are my guests. Do me no foul play, friends.


Eyes and sight
LEAR
KENT

[I.i.157-159]
Out of my sight!
See better, Lear, and let me still remain The true blank of thine eye.
LEAR
[I.iv.298-299]
Old fond eyes,
Beweep this cause again, I’ll pluck ye out
GLOUCESTER
[III.vii.55-56]
Because I would not see thy cruel nails
Pluck out his poor old eyes;
GLOUCESTER
[IV.i.18]
I have no way and therefore want no eyes;


Madness and sanity
KENT
[I.i.145-146]
Be Kent unmannerly
When Lear is mad. What wouldst thou do, old man?
LEAR
[II.iv.213]
I prithee, daughter, do not make me mad.
LEAR
[III.ii.67]
My wits begin to turn.
EDGAR
[IV.vi.33-34]
Why I do trifle thus with his despair
Is done to cure it.


Britain
FOOL
[III.ii.85-86]
Then shall the realm of Albion
Come to great confusion:
EDGAR
[III.iv.176-178]
Child Rowland to the dark tower came;
His word was still 'Fie, foh, and fum,
I smell the blood of a British man.'


Politics
CORDELIA
[I.i.223-225]
I yet beseech your majesty—
If for I want that glib and oily art
To speak and purpose not,
LEAR
[IV.vi.171-173]
Get thee glass eyes,
And like a scurvy politician seem
To see the things thou dost not.


Civil disorder
LEAR
[I.ii.43-45]
We have this hour a constant will to publish
Our daughters’ several dowers, that future strife
May be prevented now.
GLOUCESTER
[I.ii.107-109]
In cities, mutinies; in countries, discord; in palaces, treason; and the bond
cracked 'twixt son and father.
REGAN
[II.iv.137-140]
If, sir, perchance,
She have restrained the riots of your followers,
’Tis on such ground and to such wholesome end
As clears her from all blame.
REGAN
[II.iv.232-235]
I dare avouch it, sir. What, fifty followers?
Is it not well? What should you need of more?
Yea, or so many, sith that both charge and danger
Speak ’gainst so great a number?
GLOUCESTER
[III.iii.10-13]
These injuries the king now bears will be revenged home. There is part of a
power already footed. We must incline to the King.
KENT

GENTLEMAN
[IV.iii.1-6]
Why the King of France is so suddenly gone back
know you the reason?
Something he left imperfect in the state,
which since his coming forth is thought of; which imports
to the kingdom so much fear and danger that his
personal return was most required and necessary.
REGAN
[IV.v.9-11]
It was great ignorance, Gloucester's eyes being out,
To let him live. Where he arrives he moves
All hearts against us.
REGAN
[IV.v.16-17]
Our troops set forth tomorrow; stay with us.
The ways are dangerous.
GENTLEMAN

KENT

GENTLEMAN
[IV.vii.90-94]
They say Edgar, his banished son, is with
the Earl of Kent in Germany.
Report is changeable. ’Tis time to look about. The
powers of the kingdom approach apace.
The arbitrament is like to be bloody.


Religion
EDGAR
[III.iv.77-79]
Take heed o’ the foul fiend, obey thy parents, keep
thy word's justice, swear not, commit not with man’s
sworn spouse, set not thy sweet heart on proud array.
GENTLEMAN
[IV.iii.29-30]
There she shook
The holy water from her heavenly eyes,
LEAR
[IV.vi.127-130]
Beneath is all the fiends’ -
There’s hell, there’s darkness, there is the sulphurous
pit - burning, scalding, stench, consumption! Fie, fie, fie! Pah, pah!
CORDELIA
[IV.vii.57-58]
O look upon me, sir,
And hold your hand in benediction o’er me
EDGAR
[V.iii.193-194]
I asked his blessing, and from first to last
Told him my pilgrimage;
KENT
EDGAR
[V.iii.261-262]
Is this the promised end?
Or image of that horror?


Nothing
CORDELIA
LEAR
CORDELIA
LEAR
[I.i.87-90]
Nothing, my lord.
Nothing?
Nothing.
Nothing will come of nothing. Speak again.
LEAR
[I.i.244]
Nothing! I have sworn; I am firm.
GLOUCESTER
[I.ii.33-36]
No? What needed then that terrible dis- patch of it into your pocket? The quality of nothing hath not such need to hide itself. Let’s see! Come! If it be nothing I shall not need spectacles.
KENT
FOOL

LEAR
[I.iv.127-131]
This is nothing, Fool.
Then ’tis like the breath of an unfee’d lawyer: you
gave me nothing for ’t. Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle?
Why, no, boy. Nothing can be made out of nothing.
EDGAR
[II.iii.21]
Edgar I nothing am.


The Poor/Poverty
EDGAR
[II.iii.5-9]
Whiles I may ’scape
I will preserve myself; and am bethought
To take the basest and most poorest shape
That ever penury, in contempt of man,
Brought near to beast.
FOOL
[II.iv.46-47]
Fathers that wear rags
Do make their children blind,
LEAR
[III.iv.28-33]
Poor naked wretches, wheresoe’er you are,
That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm,
How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides,
Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you
From seasons such as these? O, I have ta’en
Too little care of this!
CORDELIA
[IV.vii.38-40]
and wast thou fain, poor father,
To hovel thee with swine and rogues forlorn
In short and musty straw? Alack, alack!


The Elements
GLOUCESTER
[I.ii.103-104]
These late eclipses in the sun and moon
portend no good to us.
EDMUND
[I.ii.118-121]
This is the excellent foppery of the world, that
when we are sick in fortune - often the surfeit of our
own behaviour - we make guilty of our disasters the sun,
the moon, and stars
KENT
GENTLEMAN
[III.i.3-5]
Where’s the king?
Contending with the fretful elements:
Bids the wind blow the earth into the sea,
LEAR
[III.ii.1]
Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! Rage! Blow!
KENT
[IV.iii.32-33]
It is the stars,
The stars above us govern our conditions.


Nature and nurture
EDMUND
[I.ii.1-2]
Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law
My services are bound.
EDMUND
[I.ii.175-177]
A credulous father and a brother noble,
Whose nature is so far from doing harms
That he suspects none;
CORNWALL
[II.i.111-114]
For you, Edmund,
Whose virtue and obedience doth this instant
So much commend itself, you shall be ours.
Natures of such deep trust we shall much need;
LEAR
[II.iv.102-104]
we are not ourselves
When nature, being oppressed, commands the mind
To suffer with the body.
GLOUCESTER
[III.iii.1-2]
Alack, alack, Edmund, I like not this unnatural dealing.


Cruelty and violence
REGAN
GONERILL
[III.vii.4-5]
Hang him instantly!
Pluck out his eyes!
CORNWALL
[III.vii.66-67]
See’t shalt thou never. Fellows, hold the chair.
Upon these eyes of thine I’ll set my foot.
CORNWALL
[III.vii.82-83]
Out, vile jelly!
Where is thy lustre now?
EDGAR
[IV.vi.271]
A plot upon her virtuous husband’s life,
ALBANY
[V.iii.152-153]
Shut your mouth, dame,
Or with this paper shall I stop it.


Corruption of servants
CORNWALL
KENT
[II.ii.69-71]
Why art thou angry?
That such a slave as this should wear a sword
Who wears no honesty.
EDGAR
[IV.vi.252-254]
I know thee well: a serviceable villain,
As duteous to the vices of thy mistress
As badness would desire.


Age and youth
LEAR
[I.i.38-41]
and ’tis our fast intent
To shake all cares and business from our age,
Conferring them on younger strengths, while we
Unburdened crawl toward death.
GONERILL
[I.iii.17-21]
Idle old man, That still would manage those authorities That he hath given away! Now, by my life, Old fools are babes again, and must be used With checks, as flatteries, when they are seen abused.
FOOL
[I.iv.41-42]
Thou shouldst not have been old till thou hadst
been wise.
LEAR
[III.ii.19-20]
Here I stand, your slave,
A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man.
EDGAR
[V.iii.321-324]
The weight of this sad time we must obey;
Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say.
The oldest hath borne most; we that are young
Shall never see so much nor live so long.


Hospitality
GLOUCESTER
[II.i.128]
Your graces are right welcome.
REGAN
[II.iv.226-228]
I looked not for you yet, nor am provided
For your fit welcome.
GLOUCESTER
[III.vii.36-41]
Naughty lady,
These hairs, which thou dost ravish from my chin
Will quicken, and accuse thee. I am your host;
With robbers’ hands my hospitable favours
You should not ruffle thus.


Sin
LEAR
[III.ii.59-60]
I am a man
More sinned against than sinning.
LEAR
[IV.vi.166-167]
Robes and furred gowns hide all. Plate sins with gold,
And the strong lance of justice hurtless breaks;


Truth
CORDELIA
LEAR
[I.i.107-8]
So young, my lord, and true.
Thy truth then be thy dower!
CORDELIA
[I.i.268-271]
The jewels of our father, with wash’d eyes
Cordelia leaves you. I know you what you are;
And, like a sister, am most loath to call
Your faults as they are named.
FOOL
[I.iv.110-112]
Truth’s a dog must to kennel; he must be whipped
out when the Lady Brach may stand by the fire and stink.
CORNWALL
[II.ii.97]
An honest mind and plain - he must speak truth!


Guilt
LEAR
[I.v.24]
I did her wrong.
GLOUCESTER
[III.vii.90-91]
O my follies! Then Edgar was abused.
Kind gods, forgive me that and prosper him.
EDMUND
[V.iii.241-242
I pant for life; some good I mean to do
Despite of mine own nature.


Christ figures
KENT
[II.ii.158-160]
Good King, that must approve the common saw,
Thou out of Heaven’s benediction comest
To the warm sun.
EDGAR
[II.iii.15-16]
Strike in their numbed and mortified bare arms
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary;
FOOL
[III.iv.62-63]
Nay, he reserved a blanket; else we had been all shamed.


Identity
KENT
[I.iv.12]
I do profess to be no less than I seem;
LEAR
[IV.vi.178]
I know thee well enough; thy name is Gloucester.
LEAR
[IV.vii.64]
Methinks I should know you, and know this man
HERALD


EDGAR
[V.iii.117-119]
What are you?
Your name, your quality, and why you answer
This present summons?
Know, my name is lost


Fortune
KENT
[I.ii.171]
Fortune, good night; smile once more; turn thy wheel.
GLOUCESTER
[IV.i.36-37]
As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods;
They kill us for their sport.
EDMUND
[V.iii.172]
The wheel is come full circle; I am here.


Warmth
FRANCE
[I.i.254-255]
Gods, gods! ’Tis strange that from their cold’st neglect
My love should kindle to inflamed respect.
LEAR
[II.iv.263-265]
If only to go warm were gorgeous,
Why, nature needs not what thou gorgeous wear’st,
Which scarcely keeps thee warm.
LEAR
[III.ii.68-69]
Come on, my boy. How dost, my boy? Art cold?
I am cold myself.
FOOL
[III.iv.75-76]
This cold night will turn us all to fools and madmen.
GLOUCESTER
[III.iv.145-146]
Yet have I ventured to come seek you out
And bring you where both fire and food is ready.
EDGAR
GLOUCESTER
[III.iv.166-168]
Tom’s a-cold.
In, fellow, there, into th'hovel; keep thee warm.


worst"
LEAR
[II.iv.251-253]
Those wicked creatures yet do look well-favoured
When others are more wicked. Not being the worst
Stands in some rank of praise.
EDGAR
[IV.i.27-28]
The worst is not,
So long as we can say ‘This is the worst’.
CORDELIA
[IV.vii.6-7]
Be better suited
These weeds are memories of those worser hours.